Modeling · Intermediate

Pole

A vertex where three, five or more edges meet instead of the usual four

Also called N-pole, E-pole

What is a pole in 3D modeling?

A pole is a vertex where any number of edges other than four meet. In a clean grid of quads every vertex joins four edges, so poles mark the spots where the edge flow changes direction. A vertex with three edges is an N-pole, and one with five is an E-pole.

Think of it like this

A pole is like a roundabout in a street grid: most crossings are plain four-way junctions, and the roundabout is where traffic turns a new way.

Where it fits in a 3D project

  1. Create
  2. Surface
  3. Rig
  4. Animate
  5. Render
  6. Export

Create: Building the shape: modeling, sculpting, scanning or generating it.

How a pole works

  1. 01In an even grid of quads, four edges meet at every vertex.
  2. 02To turn a corner or wrap a shape, the edge flow must change direction.
  3. 03That change creates a vertex with three or five edges: a pole.
  4. 04Where you place poles decides where smoothing and bending may show small artifacts.

Where a pole is used

  • Redirecting edge loops around eyes, mouths and joints
  • Closing the ends of rounded shapes such as fingertips
  • Planning clean topology during retopology

Beginner tip

Move poles to flat, still areas, such as the cheek instead of the corner of the mouth. Avoid vertices with six or more edges; they almost always pinch when smoothed.

Terms related to a pole

Pole FAQ

N-pole vs E-pole: what is the difference?
An N-pole has three edges meeting at a vertex and often appears where a shape turns, such as a cube’s corner. An E-pole has five and usually appears where a loop branches off, such as around a mouth or eye. Both are normal in good topology.
Are poles bad in topology?
No. Any closed shape made of quads needs some poles. They cause trouble only on curved, bending or highly visible areas, where they can pinch once the mesh is smoothed or animated.
Where should poles go?
In flat areas that do not bend much, away from joints, sharp highlights and the middle of curved surfaces. On a face, cheeks and temples are common choices, rather than the lips or eyelids.

Updated October 29, 2026 · Browse all 3D terms